Goods Pawning Practices in Bilalang Satu Village and Their Conformity with Islamic Economic Principles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69526/bir.v2i4.63Keywords:
Bilalang Satu Village, Islamic Economics, Sharia Pawning, ReformAbstract
Bilalang Satu Village is a village in Bilalang Subdistrict, Bolaang Mongondow Regency, North Sulawesi, where the majority of residents are Muslim. On several occasions, they have engaged in pawning practices to meet financial needs. Unfortunately, the current pawning practices are deemed non-compliant with Islamic Law, for example: 20% monthly interest rates without time limits, smaller loan amounts compared to the pawned item's value, creditor intimidation during default, and weak legal instruments protecting pawn customers. The community's lack of understanding regarding Sharia pawning further aggravates this situation. This study aims to analyze the Sharia compliance of pawning practices in Bilalang Satu Village and formulate recommendations for reform. The research utilizes a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data collection is conducted through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation review of pawning contracts, and literature review. The collected data is then qualitatively analyzed from an Islamic economic perspective. The results show that asset pawning in this village has minimal compliance with Sharia principles and provisions, making it potentially exploitative and detrimental to villagers. The recommendations formulated include: massive socialization and regulation of Sharia pawning, establishment of a Sharia Pawning Cooperative, as well as sustainable educational and assistance programs. These reform efforts require a participatory approach to be genuinely accepted by villagers. Thus, it is hoped that pawning practices in Bilalang Satu Village will be able to align with the principles of justice in the Islamic economy.
References
F. J. A. Bouman and R. Houtman, “Pawnbroking as an Instrument of Rural Banking in the Third World,” Econ. Dev. Cult. Change, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 69–89, Oct. 1988, doi: 10.1086/451708.
K. S. Tsai, “Imperfect Substitutes: The Local Political Economy of Informal Finance and Microfinance in Rural China and India,” World Dev., vol. 32, no. 9, pp. 1487–1507, Sep. 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.06.001.
A. Abdul Razak and M. Asutay, “Financial inclusion and economic well-being: Evidence from Islamic Pawnbroking (Ar-Rahn) in Malaysia,” Res. Int. Bus. Financ., vol. 59, p. 101557, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2021.101557.
S. A. Manggala Putri, E. J. Rahayu Firmansyah, and S. R. Hayati, “Islamic Microcredit-based Financing Analysis: A Study of Islamic Banking in the Special Region of Yogyakarta,” AL-FALAH J. Islam. Econ., vol. 8, no. 1, May 2023, doi: 10.29240/alfalah.v8i1.6842.
A. Senior, “Financing the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Sector in Jamaica: Constraints and Prospects for Leasing, Factoring and Microfinance Andren,” Bank Jamaica, no. 2, pp. 2–5, 2012, [Online]. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/PT/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679&from=PT%0Ahttp://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52012PC0011:pt:NOT
L. C. Thomas, R. W. Oliver, and D. J. Hand, “A survey of the issues in consumer credit modelling research,” J. Oper. Res. Soc., vol. 56, no. 9, pp. 1006–1015, Sep. 2005, doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2602018.
B. Kamleitner, E. Hoelzl, and E. Kirchler, “Credit use: Psychological perspectives on a multifaceted phenomenon,” Int. J. Psychol., vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 1–27, Feb. 2012, doi: 10.1080/00207594.2011.628674.
T. Herndon and M. Paul, “A public banking option as a mode of regulation for household financial services in the US,” J. Post Keynes. Econ., vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 576–607, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1080/01603477.2020.1734462.
F. Hasan and M. M. R. Luntajo, “TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG PROSEDUR LELANG BARANG GADAI PADA KANTOR CABANG PEGADAIAN SYARIAH ISTIQLAL MANADO,” Al-’Aqdu J. Islam. Econ. Law, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 65, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.30984/ajiel.v1i2.1811.
R. Bukido and F. Hasan, “PENERAPAN AKAD IJARAH PADA PRODUK RAHN DI CABANG PEGADAIAN SYARIAH ISTIQLAL MANADO,” J. Ilm. Al-Syir’ah, vol. 14, no. 1, Sep. 2016, doi: 10.30984/as.v14i1.311.
A. Abiodun, “Pawnship labour and mediation in colonial Osun division of southwestern Nigeria,” African J. Hist. Cult., vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 7–13, 2020.
P. Bhatt and J. Sinnakkannu, “Ar-Rahnu (Islamic pawning broking) opportunities and challenges in Malaysia,” 6th Int. Islam. Financ. Conf. Peer Rev. Pap., pp. 1–12, 2012.
C. Neave, “Small change?: not for Australia’s banking alternative dispute resolution scheme,” Consum. Rights J., vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 12–13, May 2000, [Online]. Available: https://search.informit.org/doi/10.3316/ielapa.200100419
M. Fitrah and Luthfiyah, Metodologi penelitian: penelitian kualitatif, tindakan kelas & studi kasus. Sukabumi: CV Jejak (Jejak Publisher), 2018.
M. Rusli and others, “Merancang Penelitian Kualitatif Dasar/Deskriptif dan Studi Kasus,” Al-Ubudiyah J. Pendidik. Dan Stud. Islam, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 48–60, 2021.
C. Choirunnisak and D. L. Handayani, “Gadai Dalam Islam,” Ekon. Sharia J. Pemikir. dan Pengemb. Ekon. Syariah, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 61–76, 2020.
D. S. Wihara, “Lembaga Keuangan Bank dan Non Bank dari Sudut Pandang Pedagang Pasar Tradisional.” Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, 2018.
I. Indriasari, “Gadai Syariah di Indonesia,” BISNIS J. Bisnis Dan Manaj. Islam, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 61–72, 2014.
L. S. Imama, “Konsep Dan Implementasi Murabahah Pada Produk Pembiayaan Bank Syariah,” Iqtishadia J. Ekon. Perbank. Syariah, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 221–247, 2014.
M. S. Jajuli, “Kepastian Hukum Gadai Tanah dalam Hukum Islam di Kabupaten Bogor,” AHKAM J. Ilmu Syariah, vol. 15, no. 2, 2015.
Y. Asih, A. S. Cipto, and E. Latifah, “Perlindungan Hukum Lender Atas Gagal Bayar dalam Fintech To Peer Lending,” in MDP Student Conference, 2023, pp. 108–115.
J. Tarantang, M. Astuti, A. Awwaliyah, and M. Munawaroh, Regulasi dan implementasi pegadaian syariah di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: K-Media, 2019.
M. S. Hidayatullah, “EKSISTENSI JAMINAN KEBENDAAN DALAM AKAD PEMBIAYAAN BANK SYARIAH: Legal Formal Hukum Nasional dan Ijtihad dalam Fikih,” Al-Mashlahah J. Huk. Islam dan Pranata Sos., vol. 8, no. 01, pp. 200–235, 2020.
M. S. Antonio, Bank Syariah dari Teori ke Praktik. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press, 2001.
J. Winarno, “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Kreditur Pada Perjanjian Jaminan Fidusia,” J. Indep., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 44–55, 2013.
N. Srimulyani, A. S. A. Pebriani, and D. Rahmi, “Efektivitas Peran Baitul Maal Wat Tamwil dalam Mengatasi Praktik Rentenir pada BMT Itqan Kota Bandung,” J. Ilm. Ekon. Islam, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 1848–1861, 2022.
R. Rozalinda, “Peran baitul mal wa tamwil (BMT) taqwa muhammadiyah dalam membebaskan masyarakat dari rentenir di Kota Padang,” INFERENSI J. Penelit. Sos. Keagamaan, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 513–533, 2013.
A. A. Nasrulloh, “Pengembalian Fungsi Baitul Mal Wa Tamwil Melalui Strategi Penyelesaian Masalah Rentenir Di Tasikmalaya,” Amwaluna J. Ekon. dan Keuang. Syariah, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 75–95, 2020.
A. J. N. Wardhani and S. Fanani, “Kesesuaian Produk Gadai Emas Berdasarkan Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional Majelis Ulama Indonesia (DSN-MUI) di Bank Syariah Mandiri Surabaya,” J. Ekon. Syariah Teor. Dan Terap., vol. 2, no. 12, 2015.
A. Arfan, “Tipologi Multiakad Dalam Produk Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nasional-Majelis Ulama Indonesia Perspektif Teori Dan Batasan Multiakad Al-Imrani,” Ulul Albab, vol. 18, no. 2, p. 269, 2017.
I. Setiawan, “Penerapan gadai emas pada bank syariah perspektif hukum ekonomi islam,” Al-Daulah J. Huk. Dan Perundangan Islam, vol. 6, no. 1, 2016.
I. A. Prawira, “Penyelesaian Sengketa Non-Litigasi dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 tentang Perbankan Syariah,” Asy-Syir’ah J. Ilmu Syari’ah dan Huk., vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 59–85, 2019.
M. Ilham, “Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Bank sebagai Pemegang Hak Tanggungan dalam Sengketa Harta Bersama,” J. Islam. Bus. Law, vol. 4, no. 3, 2020.
K. Umam, “DEKONSTRUKSI FATWA MENGENAI LARANGAN BUNGA BANK (QIYAS VS ISTIHSAN),” Verit. Justitia, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 108–137, 2023.
F. I. Nawawi and R. Ro’fah Setyowati, “Pelaksanaan gadai emas pada perbankan syariah (studi pada BNI syariah kota Semarang),” Diponegoro Law J., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 1–22, 2017.
R. Hutagalung, “Analisis Tanggung Jawab Murtahin (Penerima Gadai) dalam Pelaksanaan Akad Rahn Emas,” Premise Law J., vol. 4, p. 14058, 2015.
A. Saeed, Menyoal Bank Syariah: Kritik atas Interpretasi Bunga Bank Kaum Neo-Revivalis. Jakarta: Paramadina, 2004.
H. Busaini and M. Huzaini, “The Practice of Paddy Field Pawn and Its Impact on the Welfare of Al-Rahin Viewed from an Islamic Perspective,” Socio-Economic Humanist. Asp. Townsh. Ind., vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 320–331, 2023.
Y. Haryadi, Peran Koperasi Dalam Kebangkitan Ekonomi Umat. Bandung: tre Media Digital, 2020.
N. Afrianty, D. Isnaini, and A. Oktarina, “Lembaga Keuangan Syariah.” Zigie Utama, 2019.
T. Hariyani, “IMPLEMENTASI HUKUM EKONOMI ISLAM DALAM KOPERASI SYARIAH BAITUL MAAL WA TAMWIL (Studi BMT L-RISMA Desa Gantimulyo Pekalongan, Lampung Timur),” UNIVERSITAS LAMPUNG, 2017.
T. Novitasari, “Peran Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam Pengawasan Lembaga Baitul Maal wa Tamwil (BMT): Studi Kasus BMT Global Insani,” Undang J. Huk., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 119–145, 2019.
A. A. Ruhmah, “TINJAUAN UMUM PRAKTIK GADAI DI NUSANTARA PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI ISLAM,” ADDAYYAN J. Mu’amalah/Hukum Ekon. Syari’ah, vol. 15, no. 2, 2020.
D. Badruzaman, “Prinsip-Prinsip Muamalah Dan Inplementasinya Dalam Hukum Perbankan Indonesia Muamalah Principles and their Implementation in Indonesian Banking Law,” J. Ekon. Syariah dan Bisnis, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 109–116, 2018.
A. W. Lubis and D. L. Siregar, “Strategi Pemasaran Produk-Produk Gadai Syariah Di Sumatera Utara,” Aghniya J. Ekon. Islam, vol. 3, no. 1, 2020.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Faradila Hasan, Evra Willya, Siti Sugianti Ngurawan, Moh. Muzwir R. Luntajo (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
